Allergies affect millions of people a year. Testing can significantly help you understand your body's reactions to allergens.

Allergy is a commonly used term to describe a misguided reaction of the immune system. The term allergy itself is a combination of the Greek words for unknown and reaction.

During an allergic reaction, the immune system is triggered by an allergen - usually a harmless substance (e.g pollens, mite particles, etc.), which leads to symptoms like itchy eyes, rhinitis, or in rare cases, life-threatening reactions (anaphylactic shock).

IgE antibodies play a pivotal role in the development of allergies. They are produced by your body to fight foreign bodies such as infections and poisons. In allergic individuals, IgE is misdirected to fight harmless substances such as pollen or house dust mite particles, etc.

This test looks for elevated levels of IgE, which causes Type I allergies.

What allergens are tested for?
We test for a range of allergens, including pollens, mites, moulds and yeasts, plant and animal-based foods, insects and venom, pets and animals, and other common allergens like latex. Please see the table below for the full list of allergens.

Grass Pollens
Bahia grass, Bermuda grass, Common reed, Perennial ryegrass, Rye, Timothy grass

Moulds & Yeast
Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Baker's yeast, Cladosporium herbarum, Malassezia sympodialis, Penicillium chrysogenum

Fruit
Apple, Banana, Blueberry, Cherry, Fig, Grape, Kiwi, Mango, Melon, Orange, Papaya, Peach, Pear, Strawberry

Egg
Egg white, Egg yolk 

Milk
Camel's milk, Cow's milk, Goat's milk, Mare's milk, Sheep's milk

Tree Pollens
Acacia, Alder, Arizona cypress, Ash, Beech pollen, Cottonwood, Cypress, Date Palm, Elm, Hazel, London plane tree, Mountain cedar, Mulberry tree, Olive, Paper mulberry, Silver birch, Sugi pollen, Tree of heaven, Walnut, Weeping fig

Insects and Insect Venoms
American Cockroach, Bee, Common wasp venom, Fire Ant, German Cockroach, Honey bee venom, Long-headed wasp venom, Paper wasp venom

Legumes and Nuts
Almond, Brazil nut, Cashew, Chickpea, Hazelnut, Lentil, Macadamia, Pea, Peanut, Pecan, Pistachio, Soy, Walnut, White bean

Fish and Seafood
Anisakis simplex, Atlantic cod, Atlantic herring, Atlantic mackerel, Black tiger shrimp, Brown shrimp, Carp, Common mussel, Crab, Lobster, Northern prawn, Oyster, Salmon, Scallop, Shrimp mix, Squid, Swordfish, Thornback ray, Tuna, Venus clam

Weed Pollens
Annual mercury pollen, Cannabis (CBD), Hemp, Lamb's quarter, Mugwort, Nettle, Pigweed, Ragweed, Ribwort, Russian thistle, Wall pellitory

Pets and Other Animals
Cat, Cattle, Djungarian hamster, Dog, Goat, Guinea pig, Horse, Mouse, Pig, Rabbit, Rat, Sheep

Spices
Anise, Caraway, Mustard, Oregano, Paprika, Parsley

Meat
Beef, Chicken, Horse, House cricket, Lamb, Mealworm, Migratory locust, Pork, Rabbit, Turkey

Mites
Acarus siro, American house dust mite, Blomia tropicalis, European house dust mite, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae

Cereals and Seeds
Barley, Buckwheat, Corn flour, Corn, cereal, Cultivated rye, Fenugreek seed, Lupine seed, Millet, Oat, Poppy seed, Pumpkin seed, Quinoa, Rice, Sesame, Spelt, Sunflower seed, Wheat flour

Vegetables
Avocado, Carrot, Celery, Garlic, Onion, Potato, Tomato

Others
CCD, Ficus & Hops, Latex, Pigeon tick

Cost: £309

Anemia happens when the level of red blood cells in your body is too low. Red blood cells are needed to carry oxygen to all the cells in your body.

This blood test looks at factors such as how many red blood cells you have and the health of your blood cells. This information is then used to confirm a diagnosis of anemia.

Cost - £109

Are you thinking of starting a family now or in the future? Perhaps you’re having or considering fertility treatment, or simply curious and want to know more about your egg count.

Measuring your AMH level gives you an indication of your ovarian reserve and is sometimes used in fertility planning.

Cost: £119

HCG stands for human chorionic gonadotropin, which is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It’s a common biomarker used to detect pregnancy either through a blood or urine test.

HCG’s main role is the stimulation of progesterone – a hormone that helps in maintaining and supporting a healthy pregnancy. In addition to its role in pregnancy, it can also sometimes be used in IVF, or to monitor certain types of cancer.

Cost: £59

A common blood test to find out your blood type.

Cost: £109

C-reactive protein (CRP) is made by your liver when tissues in your body are inflamed.

A CRP blood test will often be used to: • Screen for inflammatory diseases
• Monitor conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer
• Help distinguish between viral and bacterial infections

Cost: £59

Would you like to check that you have the right level of calcium in your blood?

If you are low in calcium, you may be susceptible to poor recovery and stress fractures.

Optimal levels of calcium help bones and teeth to repair, nerves and muscles to function, blood to clot, and your heart to work.

Cost: £59

The Cholesterol (Total) test is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is important for the normal functioning of your body. However, having too much cholesterol can be harmful to your health.

This test is used to assess your risk of developing heart disease. High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke. By measuring your total cholesterol levels, this test helps determine if you have a higher risk of developing these conditions.

Your healthcare provider will interpret the results and discuss with you any necessary lifestyle changes or medications that may be needed to manage your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease.

BIOMARKERS

Cholesterol – Total
The Cholesterol (Total) test is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is important for the normal functioning of your body. However, having too much cholesterol can be harmful to your health.

This test is used to assess your risk of developing heart disease. High levels of cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke. By measuring your total cholesterol levels, this test helps determine if you have a higher risk of developing these conditions.

Your healthcare provider will interpret the results and discuss with you any necessary lifestyle changes or medications that may be needed to manage your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease.

HDL percentage
The HDL Percentage test measures the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in your blood. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as the "good" cholesterol because it helps remove the "bad" cholesterol from your arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease.

This test is important because having a high level of HDL cholesterol is associated with a lower risk of heart disease, while a low level is linked to an increased risk. By measuring the percentage of HDL cholesterol in your blood, this test provides valuable information about your heart health. It helps assess your risk of developing heart disease and determine if any lifestyle changes or medications are needed to improve your cholesterol levels.

Maintaining a healthy HDL percentage is crucial for maintaining a healthy heart and reducing the risk of heart-related problems.

 High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
The HDL Cholesterol test measures the level of a specific type of cholesterol in your blood called high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove harmful cholesterol from your arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease.

This test is important because having high levels of HDL cholesterol is beneficial for your heart health. It acts like a scavenger, picking up excess cholesterol from your blood vessels and taking it back to the liver for processing and removal. This helps prevent the buildup of plaque in your arteries, which can lead to blockages and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

By measuring your HDL cholesterol levels, this test can provide valuable information about your heart health and help identify any potential risks. If your HDL cholesterol levels are low, it may indicate an increased risk of heart disease. On the other hand, if your HDL cholesterol levels are high, it suggests a lower risk of heart problems.

Low Density Lipoprotein
The Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) test is a blood test that measures the amount of a specific type of cholesterol in your body. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is produced by your liver and is also found in certain foods. While some cholesterol is necessary for our bodies to function properly, too much LDL cholesterol can be harmful.

LDL cholesterol is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of your arteries, leading to a condition called atherosclerosis. This can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

The LDL test helps to assess your risk of developing these conditions by measuring the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. It is usually done as part of a lipid profile, which also includes measurements of other types of cholesterol.

Based on the results of the LDL test, your healthcare provider can determine if you have high levels of LDL cholesterol and if any lifestyle changes or medications are needed to lower it. It is important to maintain healthy levels of LDL cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Non-HDL-Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol is a blood test that measures the amount of cholesterol in your body that is not considered "good" cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is necessary for your body to function properly. However, having too much cholesterol, especially the "bad" kind, can increase your risk of heart disease and other health problems.

The non-HDL cholesterol test helps to assess your risk of developing heart disease by measuring the total amount of cholesterol in your blood that is not the "good" kind. This includes both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol, as well as other types of cholesterol that can contribute to the build-up of plaque in your arteries.

By knowing your non-HDL cholesterol level, you can better understand your risk of heart disease and make informed decisions about lifestyle changes or medications that may be necessary to lower your cholesterol and protect your heart health.

It is important to maintain healthy cholesterol levels to reduce the risk of heart disease and other related complications.

 Total Cholesterol : HDL Ratio
The Total Cholesterol : HDL Ratio test is a blood test that measures the ratio between two types of cholesterol in your body.

Cholesterol is a waxy substance that is found in your blood and is necessary for your body to function properly. However, having too much cholesterol, especially the bad type called LDL cholesterol, can increase your risk of heart disease.

This test specifically looks at the ratio between your total cholesterol and your HDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is often referred to as the good cholesterol because it helps remove the bad cholesterol from your arteries. By calculating the ratio between these two types of cholesterol you can get a better understanding of your overall cholesterol levels and assess your risk for heart disease.

A higher ratio indicates a higher risk of heart disease, while a lower ratio suggests a lower risk.

This test is important because it can help doctors determine if you need to make lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet or increasing physical activity, to lower your cholesterol levels and reduce your risk of heart disease. Regular monitoring of this ratio can also help track the effectiveness of any interventions or medications prescribed to manage your cholesterol levels.

Triglyceride
Triglyceride is a type of blood test that measures the amount of fat in your blood. It is an important test because it helps doctors assess your risk for heart disease. Triglycerides are a type of fat that your body uses for energy. However, having high levels of triglycerides can be harmful to your health.

This test is usually done as part of a cholesterol panel, which also includes measuring your levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol. High triglyceride levels can be caused by factors such as a diet high in unhealthy fats, being overweight, smoking, and not getting enough exercise.

If your triglyceride levels are too high, it can increase your risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. By measuring your triglyceride levels, you can determine if you need to make lifestyle changes or start medication to lower your risk of heart disease.

Cost: £59

Our cortisol test checks whether your cortisol is in the normal range. An abnormal cortisol level is often due to chronic stress, but, in rare cases, it can indicate an underlying condition like Addison's disease or Cushing's syndrome.

Cost: £59

This test measures IgA and IgG antibodies, essential in helping to diagnose coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity.

Gliadin Antibodies (IgG) (deamidated)
The Gliadin Antibodies (IgG) (deamidated) test is a blood test that checks for the presence of specific antibodies in your body. These antibodies, called gliadin antibodies, are produced by your immune system in response to a protein called gliadin found in wheat and other grains.

This test is primarily used to help diagnose and monitor coeliac disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine. When people with coeliac disease consume gluten-containing foods, their immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine, leading to various symptoms and damage to the digestive system.

By measuring the levels of gliadin antibodies in your blood, this test can help determine if you have coeliac disease or if you are at risk of developing it. It is important to note that this test alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis, but it is often used in combination with other tests and medical evaluations.

If you are experiencing symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, or fatigue, your doctor may recommend this test to help identify the cause and guide appropriate treatment. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for proper interpretation and guidance based on the test results.

Immunoglobulin A
The test measures the level of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the blood. IgA is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune system's defence against infections.

Elevated levels of IgA may indicate certain health conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), liver diseases, and certain types of cancers. It can also be associated with gastrointestinal disorders like celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

IgA deficiency is a condition where the body produces insufficient amounts of IgA, making individuals more susceptible to infections, particularly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.

Tissue transglutaminase IgA
A tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) test is used to help doctors diagnose coeliac disease. In this autoimmune disorder, the immune system mistakenly thinks that gluten – a protein in wheat, barley, rye, and oats – is a foreign invader. It makes antibodies that attack an enzyme in the intestines called tissue transglutaminase (tTG).

Cost: £59

Do you have difficulty getting and keeping an erection? Maybe you have a low libido (sex drive) and think your hormones could be to blame. Or perhaps you’re worried that your lifestyle could be affecting your sex life.

Our ED blood test investigates several underlying health conditions which could be contributing to your symptoms, so you can get treatment if needed.

This comprehensive, targeted profile checks for a range of male hormones, diabetes, cholesterol, and PSA – all of which need to be analysed in any man with impotence problems so that any physical causes can be excluded.

Cost: £179

This blood test covers a wide range of common infections and provides you with a fast and simple way to check up on your sexual health. Certain STIs don't always cause symptoms and can develop into more serious conditions if untreated. It can take three weeks to test positive after exposure to some sexually transmitted diseases. Please take this into account when considering the timing of your sexual health test.

This profile for women analyses a blood sample for the commonest sexually transmitted infections –chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis.

BIOMARKERS

Chlamydia PCR
The laboratory test mentioned is a Chlamydia Urine Test. It is performed to detect the presence of chlamydia trachomatis bacteria in the urine sample of an individual.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. It can affect both men and women and is one of the most common STIs worldwide. Chlamydia often does not show any noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages, which makes it important to get tested regularly, especially for sexually active individuals.

The Chlamydia Urine Test is a non-invasive and convenient method to diagnose chlamydia infection. It is particularly useful for individuals who may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. This test is recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those who have multiple partners, engage in unprotected sex, or have a history of STIs. It is also advised for pregnant women, as chlamydia can be transmitted to the baby during childbirth, leading to potential complications.

Early detection and treatment of chlamydia are crucial to prevent the spread of the infection and avoid long-term complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Therefore, getting a Chlamydia Urine Test done can help in timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the infection.

Hepatitis B Surface antigen
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen test is a blood test that checks for a specific protein on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus. This test is used to determine if a person has been infected with the hepatitis B virus or if they are a carrier of the virus.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can cause serious health problems. It is spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids, such as during unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

By detecting the presence of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in the blood, this test can help diagnose an active infection or determine if someone is a carrier of the virus. A carrier is someone who has the virus in their blood but does not show any symptoms.

Knowing if someone has hepatitis B is important because it can help prevent the spread of the virus to others and allow for appropriate medical care and treatment. It is especially important for pregnant women to be tested, as they can pass the virus to their babies.

Hepatitis C Antibody
The Hepatitis C Antibodies test is a blood test that checks for the presence of antibodies in your blood that are produced in response to the Hepatitis C virus. 

This test is used to determine if you have been infected with the hepatitis C virus at some point in the past.

Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus, and it can lead to serious liver damage if left untreated. The antibodies test is important because many people with hepatitis C do not have any symptoms, so they may not know they are infected. By detecting the presence of antibodies, the test can help identify if someone has been exposed to the virus and may need further testing or treatment.

It's important to note that a positive result on the antibodies test does not necessarily mean you currently have hepatitis C, but it does indicate past exposure to the virus. 

If the antibodies test is positive, further testing may be needed to determine if the virus is still present in your body.

HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies + p24 Antigen
The HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies + p24 Antigen test is a blood test that is used to check for the presence of HIV antibodies and a specific protein called p24 antigen in the body. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if left untreated.

This test is important because it helps to diagnose HIV infection. The antibodies are produced by the body in response to the virus, so their presence indicates exposure to HIV. The p24 antigen is a protein that is present in the early stages of HIV infection, before antibodies are produced.

By detecting both the antibodies and the p24 antigen, this test can identify HIV infection earlier than tests that only look for antibodies. Early detection is crucial because it allows for early treatment and management of the virus.

It is important to note that a positive result on this test does not necessarily mean a person has AIDS, but it does indicate HIV infection. Further testing and medical evaluation are needed to determine the stage of the infection and appropriate treatment options.

N. Gonorrhoea PCR
This test measures the presence of Gonorrhoea by PCR.

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

In males, Gonorrhoea can cause symptoms such as painful urination, discharge from the penis, and swollen testicles. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) and prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland).

It is important to diagnose and treat Gonorrhoea promptly to prevent complications and further transmission of the infection.

Syphilis (Treponema) IgG/IgM
The Syphilis IgG/IgM test is a blood test that helps detect the presence of antibodies in your body that are associated with syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This test is used to determine if you have been exposed to the bacteria that causes syphilis.

Syphilis is a serious infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy. It can cause various symptoms, such as sores, rashes, and flu-like symptoms, but sometimes it may not show any symptoms at all.

The Syphilis IgG/IgM test works by checking for two types of antibodies: IgG and IgM. IgG antibodies are produced by your body after a previous or ongoing syphilis infection, while IgM antibodies are produced during an active or recent infection.

Getting tested for syphilis is important because early detection and treatment can prevent serious complications.

If the test results are positive, it means that you have been exposed to syphilis, and further medical evaluation and treatment are necessary. If the test results are negative, it indicates that you have not been infected with syphilis or that it is too early for the antibodies to be detected.

COST: £199

This blood test covers a wide range of common infections and provides you with a fast and simple way to check up on your sexual health. Certain STIs don't always cause symptoms and can develop into more serious conditions if untreated. It can take three weeks to test positive after exposure to some sexually transmitted diseases. Please take this into account when considering the timing of your sexual health test.

This profile for men analyses a blood sample for the commonest sexually transmitted infections – chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis.

BIOMARKERS

Chlamydia PCR
The laboratory test mentioned is a Chlamydia Urine Test. It is performed to detect the presence of chlamydia trachomatis bacteria in the urine sample of an individual.

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. It can affect both men and women and is one of the most common STIs worldwide. Chlamydia often does not show any noticeable symptoms, especially in the early stages, which makes it important to get tested regularly, especially for sexually active individuals.

The Chlamydia Urine Test is a non-invasive and convenient method to diagnose chlamydia infection. It is particularly useful for individuals who may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. This test is recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those who have multiple partners, engage in unprotected sex, or have a history of STIs.

Early detection and treatment of chlamydia are crucial to prevent the spread of the infection and avoid long-term complications.

Hepatitis B Surface antigen
The Hepatitis B Surface Antigen test is a blood test that checks for a specific protein on the surface of the Hepatitis B virus. This test is used to determine if a person has been infected with the hepatitis B virus or if they are a carrier of the virus.

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver and can cause serious health problems. It is spread through contact with infected blood or body fluids, such as during unprotected sex, sharing needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth.

By detecting the presence of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in the blood, this test can help diagnose an active infection or determine if someone is a carrier of the virus. A carrier is someone who has the virus in their blood but does not show any symptoms.

Knowing if someone has hepatitis B is important because it can help prevent the spread of the virus to others and allow for appropriate medical care and treatment.

Hepatitis C Antibody
The Hepatitis C Antibodies blood test checks for the presence of antibodies in your blood that are produced in response to the Hepatitis C virus. 

This test is used to determine if you have been infected with the hepatitis C virus at some point in the past.

Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus, and it can lead to serious liver damage if left untreated. The antibodies test is important because many people with hepatitis C do not have any symptoms, so they may not know they are infected. By detecting the presence of antibodies, the test can help identify if someone has been exposed to the virus and may need further testing or treatment.

It's important to note that a positive result on the antibodies test does not necessarily mean you currently have hepatitis C, but it does indicate past exposure to the virus. 

If the antibodies test is positive, further testing may be needed to determine if the virus is still present in your body.

HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies + p24 Antigen
The HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies + p24 Antigen test is a blood test that is used to check for the presence of HIV antibodies and a specific protein called p24 antigen in the body. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to AIDS if left untreated.

This test is important because it helps to diagnose HIV infection. The antibodies are produced by the body in response to the virus, so their presence indicates exposure to HIV. The p24 antigen is a protein that is present in the early stages of HIV infection, before antibodies are produced.

By detecting both the antibodies and the p24 antigen, this test can identify HIV infection earlier than tests that only look for antibodies. Early detection is crucial because it allows for early treatment and management of the virus.

It is important to note that a positive result on this test does not necessarily mean a person has AIDS, but it does indicate HIV infection. Further testing and medical evaluation are needed to determine the stage of the infection and appropriate treatment options.

N. Gonorrhoea PCR
This test measures the presence of Gonorrhoea by PCR.

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

In males, Gonorrhoea can cause symptoms such as painful urination, discharge from the penis, and swollen testicles. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) and prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland).

It is important to diagnose and treat Gonorrhoea promptly to prevent complications and further transmission of the infection.

Syphilis (Treponema) IgG/IgM
The Syphilis IgG/IgM test is a blood test that helps detect the presence of antibodies in your body that are associated with syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This test is used to determine if you have been exposed to the bacteria that cause syphilis.

Syphilis is a serious infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact or from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy. It can cause various symptoms, such as sores, rashes, and flu-like symptoms, but sometimes it may not show any symptoms at all.

The Syphilis IgG/IgM test works by checking for two types of antibodies: IgG and IgM. IgG antibodies are produced by your body after a previous or ongoing syphilis infection, while IgM antibodies are produced during an active or recent infection.

Getting tested for syphilis is important because early detection and treatment can prevent serious complications.

If the test results are positive, it means that you have been exposed to syphilis, and further medical evaluation and treatment are necessary. If the test results are negative, it indicates that you have not been infected with syphilis or that it is too early for the antibodies to be detected.

Cost: £199

This profile is specifically tailored to analyse hormones related to fertility, menopause, and period problems. It can be used to diagnose problems or to monitor hormone replacement medications.

Including oestrogen, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and prolactin.

HORMONES

Follicular Stimulating Hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a type of hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which plays a crucial role in the reproductive systems of both men and women.

In women, FSH is key to the menstrual cycle and fertility:

Ovarian Follicle Development: FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg at ovulation.

Estradiol Production: The developing follicles produce estradiol, an estrogen, which is crucial for the reproductive cycle.

Menstrual Cycle Regulation: FSH levels vary throughout the menstrual cycle and are highest just before ovulation.

In men, FSH is essential for the production and health of sperm:

Sperm Production: FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes, which are crucial for spermatogenesis (the production of sperm).

Testicular Health: It helps maintain the size and health of the testes.

FSH levels are used as an important diagnostic tool in assessing fertility and reproductive health. In women, abnormal FSH levels can indicate issues such as ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or menopause. In men, abnormal levels can indicate problems with the testes or with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which can affect sperm production and overall fertility.

Monitoring FSH levels can provide valuable information in the evaluation and treatment of infertility, as well as in understanding other reproductive health issues.

Luteinizing Hormone
Luteinising Hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a vital role in sexual development and functioning for both men and women.

In women, LH is essential for regulating the menstrual cycle. It triggers ovulation, the process where an egg is released from the ovary. This hormone's levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking just before ovulation. In men, LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the testes. Testosterone is crucial for sperm production and maintaining male reproductive health.

Testing for LH levels can be important for several reasons:

Assessing Fertility: In women, LH testing is often used to determine the timing of ovulation for those trying to conceive. For men, an LH test can help evaluate the function of the testes and testosterone production, which is important for understanding fertility issues.

Diagnosing Menstrual Irregularities: Abnormal LH levels can be a cause of irregular or absent menstrual cycles, which is an important diagnostic factor in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).

Evaluating Pituitary Function: Since LH is produced by the pituitary gland, abnormal levels can indicate issues with pituitary function. This might be relevant in the diagnosis of pituitary disorders.

Monitoring Hormone Replacement Therapy: LH levels can be checked to monitor the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, particularly in the context of menopausal symptoms or hypogonadism in men.

Understanding Early or Delayed Puberty: In children, abnormal levels of LH can be a sign of either early (precocious) or delayed puberty, helping guide further investigation and management.

An LH test is a valuable tool in understanding reproductive health, diagnosing and managing disorders of the reproductive system, and monitoring treatments related to hormonal issues.

The effects of LH levels on men can be understood in a few key aspects:

Testosterone Production: LH stimulates the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Testosterone is crucial for many aspects of male health, including sexual development, libido, muscle mass, bone density, and mood regulation. Abnormally low or high LH levels can lead to imbalances in testosterone production.

Fertility: LH is also important for spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production. It works in conjunction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to ensure the proper development and function of the testes. Altered LH levels can impact sperm production and quality, affecting fertility.

Pubertal Development: During puberty, increased levels of LH trigger the development of secondary sexual characteristics in boys, such as increased muscle mass, body hair, and changes in voice. Abnormal LH levels during this time can lead to issues with pubertal development, such as delayed or incomplete puberty.

Bone Health: Since LH influences testosterone levels, and testosterone is essential for bone health, imbalances in LH can indirectly affect bone density. Low testosterone levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Psychological and Cognitive Effects: Testosterone, regulated by LH, can impact mood and cognitive function. Imbalances in LH and consequently, in testosterone levels might contribute to mood disorders, changes in libido, and cognitive difficulties.

Metabolic Effects: Testosterone, influenced by LH levels, also plays a role in metabolism, body composition, and fat distribution. Imbalances can lead to metabolic issues, changes in body composition, and increased risk of obesity and related conditions.

Abnormally high or low levels of LH can indicate various health issues, including hypogonadism, pituitary gland disorders, or issues with the testes. Therefore, maintaining a balance in LH levels is important for overall health and well-being in men.

Oestradiol (E2)
Oestradiol is a form of oestrogen, which is a female sex hormone. It plays a crucial role in the development and functioning of female reproductive tissues, such as the breasts, ovaries, and uterus. Oestradiol is also important in regulating the menstrual cycle and reproductive system.

In addition to its role in the reproductive system, oestradiol has other significant functions. It helps maintain bone density, supports cardiovascular health, and influences mood and cognitive function. The hormone is produced primarily in the ovaries in premenopausal women and is also produced in smaller amounts by other tissues such as the adrenal glands, fat tissues, and the brain, both in women and in men.

Levels of oestradiol vary throughout a woman's life, being highest during the reproductive years and dropping significantly after menopause.

Testing oestradiol levels can be important for various reasons, such as evaluating fertility, understanding the causes of menstrual irregularities, assessing menopausal status, or monitoring hormone replacement therapy.

Low levels can lead to symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and osteoporosis, while unusually high levels may indicate conditions like ovarian tumours or estrogen dominance.

Oestradiol, although typically associated with women, also plays important roles in men's health. In men, oestradiol is produced mainly by the conversion of testosterone through the action of an enzyme called aromatase, which is present in fat tissues, the brain, testes, and other tissues.

The functions of oestradiol in men include bone health, fertility, brain function, cardiovascular health, fat metabolism and muscle health.

While high levels of oestradiol in men can lead to problems such as gynecomastia (development of breast tissue), erectile dysfunction, and infertility, very low levels are also problematic, as they can increase the risk of osteoporosis and other health issues. Therefore, maintaining a balance of oestradiol is important for overall health in men.

Prolactin
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in lactation and reproductive function. 

There are several reasons why a woman or man may be tested for prolactin. Some of the most common reasons include:

Women:

• To diagnose and monitor conditions related to menstrual irregularities, such as amenorrhea (absence of periods) or oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods)

• To evaluate infertility or recurrent miscarriage

• To diagnose and monitor conditions related to lactation problems, such as insufficient milk production or galactorrhea (abnormal breast milk production)

• To diagnose and monitor pituitary tumours, which can cause excessive prolactin production (prolactinoma)

Men:

• To diagnose and monitor conditions related to low testosterone levels, such as hypogonadism (underactive testes)

• To diagnose and monitor pituitary tumours, which can cause excessive prolactin production (prolactinoma)

While the prolactin test is primarily used to diagnose and monitor conditions related to prolactin production, the reasons for testing may vary depending on the age and sex of the patient. Some differences include:

Women:

• Women are more likely to be tested for prolactin to diagnose and monitor conditions related to menstrual irregularities and lactation problems.

• Women may also be tested for prolactin to evaluate infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Men:

• Men are more likely to be tested for prolactin to diagnose and monitor conditions related to low testosterone levels.

• Men may also be tested for prolactin to diagnose and monitor pituitary tumours.

Children:

• Children may be tested for prolactin to diagnose and monitor conditions related to early puberty or delayed puberty.

• Children may also be tested for prolactin to diagnose and monitor pituitary tumours.

Testosterone
Testosterone is an important sex hormone for both men and women. In men, it is made in the testicles. In women, it is made in small amounts in the ovaries.  

It is important for normal male sexual development. During puberty (in the teen years), testosterone helps boys develop male features like body and facial hair, a deeper voice, and muscle strength. Too much testosterone in men can cause shrinking of the testicles, impotence, an increased risk of heart attack and prostate enlargement with difficulty urinating. Too little can cause fatigue, irritability, depression, erectile dysfunction and reduced muscle mass. 

Combined with oestrogen, testosterone helps with the growth, maintenance, and repair of a woman's reproductive tissues and bone mass. Too much can cause acne, excess hair on the face and body, irregular periods and mood changes. Too little can cause low libido and weight gain. 

The optimal time to take a sample when testing for testosterone is between 7 am - 10 am.

Cost: £109

Are you at high risk of iron-deficiency anaemia, like increased blood loss or requirement (such as being pregnant), dietary deficiency, or malabsorption? Or do you have symptoms of iron overload, like diabetes and liver disease?

Our simple blood test to measure your ferritin levels (a protein that stores iron in your body) can tell you whether your stored iron is high or low, helping you to investigate anaemia or iron overload.

Cost: £59

Folate is an essential B vitamin for normal red cell formation, tissue, cellular repair, and synthesis.

Checking your folate could be helpful if you're pregnant (as your requirement increases) or to see if you're getting enough folate through your diet.

Cost: £59

A test to measure your levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, a hormone of the reproductive system.

Cost: £59

Complete blood count measures the number of cell types in your body. A good indicator of anaemia, infection and blood clotting

This is a test to check the types and numbers of cells in your blood, including:
• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• Platelets

This can help give an indication of your general health, as well as provide important clues about certain health problems you may have.

For example, an FBC may detect signs of:
• iron deficiency anaemia or vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia
• infection or inflammation
• bleeding or clotting disorders

Cost: £59

MUSCLE & BONE (2 Biomarkers)

Adjusted Calcium
The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weak and brittle bones.

Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones and teeth, as well as helping your muscles and nerves function properly. 

High calcium levels may suggest conditions like hyperparathyroidism, certain types of cancer, or kidney problems. On the other hand, low calcium levels can be a sign of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or malabsorption issues.

By measuring your calcium levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to calcium metabolism. It can also help determine the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions. If your calcium levels are abnormal, further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Liver Function (5 Biomarkers)
• Alanine Transaminase
• Albumin
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
• Total Bilirubin

Cholesterol (6 health indicators)
• Cholesterol - Total
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
• Low-Density Lipoprotein
• Non-HDL-Cholesterol
• Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio
• Triglyceride

KIDNEY FUNCTION (3 Biomarkers)
• Creatinin
• estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
• Urea

DIABETES (1 Biomarkers)
• HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)

The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past 2-3 months.

It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a condition where your body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels.

The test is important because high blood sugar levels can damage your organs over time, leading to serious health problems

If your HbA1c level is high, then it confirms that you have diabetes mellitus. It is very useful for screening people in general to see if they have Type 2 diabetes, as it is often difficult to diagnose this type of diabetes from symptoms alone.

Checking HbA1c levels regularly if you already know you have diabetes is essential too, as it is the best way to check if you are managing your blood sugar levels effectively and therefore reducing the chances of the serious medical complications that can occur if high blood sugar levels are not controlled.

By measuring your HbA1c levels, your doctor can adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

It is recommended that people with diabetes get this test done at least twice a year to ensure their blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

IRON STUDIES (1 Biomarkers)

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

GOUT (1 Biomarkers)

Urate (Uric acid)
The Urate (Uric acid) test is a simple blood test that measures the level of uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down certain foods, especially those high in purines. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions like gout, a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Gout occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and inflammation. By measuring the uric acid levels, this test helps doctors determine if you have gout or if you are at risk of developing it. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for gout or other conditions that affect uric acid levels, such as kidney disease or certain medications.

If your uric acid levels are too high, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as reducing your intake of purine-rich foods and increasing your fluid intake. They may also prescribe medications to help lower your uric acid levels and prevent gout attacks. 

Cost: £99

Diabetes (1 Biomarkers)
Checking your levels of HbA1c is a way of confirming if you have (or are at risk of developing) diabetes. Unmanaged or undiagnosed diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality. For anyone who already knows they have diabetes, regular HbA1c checks are essential to monitor progress. 

HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past 2-3 months.

It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a condition where your body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels.

The test is important because high blood sugar levels can damage your organs over time, leading to serious health problems

If your HbA1c level is high, then it confirms that you have diabetes mellitus. It is very useful for screening people in general to see if they have Type 2 diabetes, as it is often difficult to diagnose this type of diabetes from symptoms alone

Checking HbA1c levels regularly if you already know you have diabetes is essential too, as it is the best way to check if you are managing your blood sugar levels effectively and therefore reducing the chances of the serious medical complications that can occur if high blood sugar levels are not controlled.

By measuring your HbA1c levels, your doctor can adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

It is recommended that people with diabetes get this test done at least twice a year to ensure their blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

Cost: £59

This test includes checks that have been shown to be very important indicators of risks to your heart's health. Including a full cholesterol profile and tests for inflammation. It also includes a test for diabetes which shows you how well your body controls your blood sugar.

CHOLESTEROL (6 Biomarkers)
• Cholesterol - Total
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
• Low Density Lipoprotein
• Non-HDL-Cholesterol
• Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio
• Triglyceride

DIABETES (1 Biomarkers)

HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past 2-3 months.

It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a condition where your body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels.

The test is important because high blood sugar levels can damage your organs over time, leading to serious health problems

If your HbA1c level is high, then it confirms that you have diabetes mellitus. It is very useful for screening people in general to see if they have Type 2 diabetes, as it is often difficult to diagnose this type of diabetes from symptoms alone.

Checking HbA1c levels regularly if you already know you have diabetes is essential too, as it is the best way to check if you are managing your blood sugar levels effectively and therefore reducing the chances of the serious medical complications that can occur if high blood sugar levels are not controlled.

By measuring your HbA1c levels, your doctor can adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

It is recommended that people with diabetes get this test done at least twice a year to ensure their blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

INFLAMMATION (1 Biomarkers)

High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
The C-Reactive Protein (High Sensitivity) test is a blood test that measures the level of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your body. CRP is produced by your liver in response to inflammation, which is your body's natural defence against infection or injury.

This test is used to detect and monitor inflammation in your body. It can help identify the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases (where your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells), or chronic conditions like arthritis.

A high-sensitivity version of this test is more accurate and can detect even small amounts of CRP, which is important because even low levels of inflammation can be a sign of underlying health issues.

By measuring CRP levels, this test can help your doctor determine the severity of inflammation, track the progress of a disease, or evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. It can also be used to assess your risk of developing heart disease, as high levels of CRP have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk.

Cost: £69

A blood test to not only check for a hepatitis B infection but to differentiate between immunity due to a previous infection or a vaccination.

Cost: £59

This tests for a current infection of hepatitis B

Cost: £59

A simple blood test to establish the presence of antibodies to the Hepatitis C virus

Cost: £79

Are you sexually active and want to check your HIV status? Perhaps your job puts you at increased risk of HIV infection and you want peace of mind. This test can give you a result as early as four weeks after suspected exposure.

Cost: £59

Get a full picture of your iron status, which checks for signs of iron deficiency and iron overload and can tell you if your iron levels are in the normal range.

Do you have symptoms of iron deficiency, like feeling tired all the time, low energy, shortness of breath, or pale skin?

Perhaps you have heavy periods, are pregnant, or regularly take steroids or NSAIDs like ibuprofen – all of which can increase your risk of iron deficiency.

Our test measures the amount of iron carried in your blood and stored in your body to help identify low iron levels.

Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron, which is an essential mineral for our body's functioning. This test helps determine if you have too much or too little iron in your body.

If your ferritin levels are too high, it may indicate that you have an excess of iron, which can lead to various health problems. On the other hand, if your ferritin levels are too low, it may suggest that you have an iron deficiency, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

By measuring your ferritin levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron levels, such as iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis) or iron deficiency anaemia. It can also help identify the underlying cause of these conditions, such as certain diseases or dietary issues.

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity
The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be carried by proteins in your blood. It helps to determine how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body.

The TIBC test is often ordered to evaluate iron levels and diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when there is not enough iron in your body to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells. On the other hand, iron overload can happen when there is too much iron in your body, which can lead to organ damage.

By measuring the TIBC, you can assess your body's ability to bind and transport iron. This information helps determine if you have enough iron in your body or if there is an imbalance that needs to be addressed.

The results of the TIBC test, along with other blood tests, can guide in diagnosing and treating iron-related conditions.

Transferrin Saturation
The Transferrin Saturation test measures the amount of iron in your blood and how well it is being transported to your organs and tissues. This test is used to diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or hemochromatosis, which are related to the levels of iron in your body.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If your transferrin saturation levels are too low, it may indicate that you are not getting enough iron in your diet or that your body is not absorbing it properly. On the other hand, if your levels are too high, it could be a sign of iron overload, which can lead to organ damage.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity
The Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to a protein called transferrin. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron in the blood.

This test is used to evaluate how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body.

A low UIBC level may indicate that your body is not able to bind enough iron to transferrin, which could be a sign of iron deficiency. On the other hand, a high UIBC level may suggest that your body has excess transferrin available to bind with iron, which could be a sign of iron overload or certain medical conditions.

Cost: £79

Your kidneys play a vital role in keeping your body functioning, including the removal of waste products, releasing hormones to regulate blood pressure, and controlling the production of red blood cells. A healthy kidney function is vital to your overall health and wellbeing.

Creatinine
Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine colour. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?
eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

• Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.

• Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.

• Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.

• Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?
The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.

• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.

• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.

• Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.

• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

Sodium
Sodium is an essential mineral that helps maintain the balance of fluids in your body and plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function. This test is commonly ordered to evaluate the overall health of your body and to diagnose certain medical conditions.

If your sodium levels are too high, it may suggest dehydration, kidney problems, or certain medications. On the other hand, low sodium levels can be a sign of excessive fluid intake, hormonal imbalances, or underlying health conditions like kidney or liver disease.

Urea
Urea is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down proteins. This test is commonly used to check how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they filter out urea and other waste products from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, urea can build up in your blood.

By measuring the level of urea in your blood, you can get an idea of how well your kidneys are working.

This test can help diagnose kidney problems, such as kidney disease or damage. It can also be used to monitor the progress of kidney disease and determine the effectiveness of treatment.

Cost: £59

The liver is responsible for many of the body's essential functions, such as regulating blood sugar levels, fighting infections, and detoxifying your blood. Good liver function is vital to your overall health and wellbeing.

Alanine Transaminase
The ALT test, also known as Alanine Aminotransferase test, is a blood test that helps to evaluate the health of your liver. The liver is an important organ that performs various functions in your body, such as filtering toxins, producing bile for digestion, and storing vitamins and minerals.

The ALT test measures the levels of an enzyme called alanine aminotransferase in your blood. When the liver is damaged or inflamed, it releases this enzyme into the bloodstream. Therefore, the ALT test can indicate if there is any liver damage or disease present.

High levels of ALT may suggest liver conditions like hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), or fatty liver disease. It can also be a sign of certain medications or alcohol abuse affecting the liver.

Detecting abnormal ALT levels can help diagnose liver problems early on, allowing for timely treatment and prevention of further damage.

Albumin
Albumin is a test that measures the level of a protein called albumin in your blood. Albumin is an important protein that helps carry various substances, such as hormones, vitamins, and medications, throughout your body. This test is commonly used to assess the health of your liver and kidneys.

When your liver or kidneys are not functioning properly, the level of albumin in your blood may decrease. Low levels of albumin can indicate liver disease, kidney disease, malnutrition, or inflammation in the body. It can also be a sign of a chronic condition, such as diabetes or heart failure.

Measuring the albumin level can give valuable insights into your overall health and identify any underlying conditions that may need further evaluation or treatment. This test is usually performed as part of a routine check-up or if you are experiencing symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss.

Alkaline Phosphatase
The Alkaline Phosphatase test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your body. This enzyme is found in various tissues, such as the liver, bones, and intestines.

The test is usually ordered to help diagnose and monitor certain health conditions. For example, it can help detect liver or bone diseases, such as hepatitis or osteoporosis. It can also be used to check the effectiveness of treatment for these conditions.

Aspartate Aminotransferase
This test measures the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST), an enzyme found primarily in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, to help diagnose and monitor liver damage or disease, heart injury, and muscle disorders.

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
The Gamma GT test is a blood test that measures the levels of an enzyme called Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) in your body. This test is commonly used to check the health of your liver and to detect any potential liver damage or disease.

The liver is an important organ that helps filter out toxins and waste from your body. GGT is an enzyme that is mainly found in the liver, but it is also present in other organs like the pancreas and kidneys. When the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, the levels of GGT in the blood can increase.

By measuring the levels of GGT, doctors can get an idea of how well your liver is working. High levels of GGT may indicate liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or alcohol abuse. It can also be a sign of other health conditions like diabetes or heart disease.

Globulin
The Globulin test is a blood test that measures the levels of a specific type of protein called globulin in your body. Globulins are an important part of your immune system and help fight off infections and diseases. This test is usually done to check if your immune system is functioning properly and to diagnose certain medical conditions.

High levels of globulin may indicate an infection, chronic inflammation, or an autoimmune disorder. On the other hand, low levels of globulin may suggest a liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or a problem with your immune system.

Total Bilirubin
The Bilirubin (Total) test is a blood test that measures the level of a substance called bilirubin in your body. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells break down. This test is commonly used to check the health of your liver and to diagnose certain liver conditions.

When your liver is working properly, it helps remove bilirubin from your body. However, if your liver is not functioning well, it may not be able to process bilirubin effectively, leading to an increase in its levels. High levels of bilirubin can cause a yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice.

By measuring the amount of bilirubin in your blood, this test can help determine if your liver is functioning properly or if there may be an underlying liver problem.

Your doctor may order this test if you are experiencing symptoms such as yellowing of the skin, fatigue, or abdominal pain, or if they suspect a liver disorder.

Total Protein
Total Protein is the total amount of two proteins found in the serum of the blood; these are albumin and globulin. Albumin is needed to keep fluid in the bloodstream, whereas globulin is an essential part of the immune system. Total protein tests are used as an indicator of there being a problem with albumin or globulin levels.

Cost: £59

A luteinising hormone (LH) test measures how much luteinizing hormone a person has in their blood. This is a hormone with key roles in both male and female reproductive systems.

LH is made in the pituitary gland of the brain. LH is a sex hormone that affects how a person’s reproductive organs work. In females, LH affects the ovaries. In males, it affects the testes.

Cost: £59

A test to measure magnesium levels in blood serum. Magnesium is a mineral used by every organ in the body and is especially important for bones and muscles.

Cost: £59

Designed for men and women who want to measure the level of the female hormone oestradiol in their body.

Cost: £59

This Premier profile helps you to proactively manage your health and identify/monitor many underlying or pre-existing conditions.

Cost: £109

HORMONES (1 Biomarkers)

Hormones are biochemical substances produced by various glands in the body, forming a part of the endocrine system. They are secreted directly into the bloodstream and travel to specific organs or tissues where they exert their effects. 

Hormones act as chemical messengers and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes in the body.

Progesterone
Progesterone is a hormone that is naturally produced in the body, mainly by the ovaries in women. It plays a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterus for pregnancy. 

This test is often used to assess a woman's fertility and to monitor the health of a pregnancy. In women, it helps determine if ovulation is occurring regularly and if there are any issues with the production of progesterone. Low levels of progesterone can make it difficult to get pregnant or maintain a pregnancy.

In pregnant women, this test can help identify any potential problems, such as an ectopic pregnancy or a miscarriage. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women.

Cost: £59

A simple blood test for men and women to check whether their levels of prolactin are normal. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a crucial role in lactation and reproductive function

Cost: £59

PROSTATE (3 Biomarkers)

There are many types of hormones that support different bodily functions and processes, including growth, metabolism, appetite, and fertility. Hormone imbalances or deficiencies may be to blame for a wide range of symptoms and conditions.

Free Prostate Specific Antige
The Free Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test is a blood test that measures a specific protein in your blood called PSA. PSA is produced by the prostate gland, which is a part of the male reproductive system. This test is used to help detect and monitor prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer that affects the prostate gland. The PSA test can help identify if there are any abnormalities in the levels of PSA in your blood. Higher levels of PSA may indicate the presence of prostate cancer, but it is important to note that other conditions, such as an enlarged prostate or inflammation, can also cause elevated PSA levels.

The Free PSA test is specifically used to determine the percentage of PSA that is not bound to other proteins in the blood. This can help doctors differentiate between benign conditions and prostate cancer. A higher percentage of Free PSA may suggest a lower risk of prostate cancer, while a lower percentage may indicate a higher risk.

It is important to remember that the Free PSA test is just one tool used in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. If you have any concerns about your prostate health, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional who can provide you with personalized advice and guidance.

Free: Total PSA Ratio
The Free : Total PSA Ratio test is a blood test that measures the levels of two different types of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood: free PSA and total PSA. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and its levels can be elevated in conditions like prostate cancer.

This test is used to help determine the likelihood of prostate cancer in men who have elevated total PSA levels. By comparing the levels of free PSA to total PSA, doctors can get a better understanding of the risk.

If the ratio of free PSA to total PSA is low, it may indicate a higher risk of prostate cancer. On the other hand, if the ratio is high, it suggests a lower risk. This information helps doctors decide whether further testing, such as a prostate biopsy, is necessary to confirm or rule out prostate cancer.

It's important to note that this test alone cannot diagnose prostate cancer, but it provides valuable information that helps guide further evaluation and treatment decisions.

Prostate Specific Antigen
The Prostate Specific Antigen (Total) test is a blood test that measures the levels of a protein called prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. PSA is produced by the prostate gland, which is a small organ located in men that helps produce semen.

This test is commonly used to screen for prostate cancer, which is a type of cancer that affects the prostate gland. High levels of PSA in the blood can be a sign of prostate cancer, although it can also be caused by other conditions such as an enlarged prostate or an infection.

By measuring the levels of PSA, doctors can assess the risk of prostate cancer and determine if further testing or treatment is necessary.

It is important to note that this test alone cannot diagnose prostate cancer, but it helps doctors make informed decisions about a patient's health.

Cost £99

This profile is for anyone wanting information about their fitness for sports – either before starting a programme, or to monitor progress during one. It includes all the essential biomarkers that are of interest to a sports person - a Full Blood Count, Liver & Kidney function profile, Iron levels, Ferritin, Heart & Muscle Enzymes, Cholesterol profile, Inflammation, Magnesium, Vitamins D & B12 and Testosterone. We are able to monitor and track these results over time to see how well your body is functioning in response to your exercise regime and flag up anything that may need to be looked at

Cost: £129

Check your performance hormones and biomarkers for general health and fitness.

Are you a strength trainer? Our best-selling sports profile includes key hormones like testosterone and oestradiol, as well as biomarkers for general health and fitness

Cost: £199

Syphilis IgG/IgM - £59.00

Check for IgG and IgM syphilis antibodies to detect an active or previous syphilis infection.

Have no symptoms but want to check for a syphilis infection? The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies in your blood can help identify whether you are likely to have a current infection, or whether you’ve previously been infected.

If you have symptoms of syphilis, it’s important you attend your local sexual health clinic for assessment.

Cost: £59

TESTOSTERONE
This test will measure the total level of testosterone in your blood, a sex hormone essential for sex drive, muscle mass, fertility, and mood.

TESTOSTERONE PLUS
Get an advanced check for your hormones, liver and kidney function, blood health and prostate if you are taking or considering testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).

Do you take testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and want to monitor your progress? Perhaps you're due to start treatment and want a baseline check of your liver, kidney and prostate health.

Our advanced TRT panel allows you to monitor your testosterone levels while assessing for common side effects of treatment.

Cost £69

THYROID (5 Biomarkers)

Thyroid disorders are common but often remain undiagnosed. If your thyroid isn't functioning properly, it can cause tiredness, mood problems, and weight issues. 

Antithyroglobulin Antibodies
Antithyroglobulin Antibodies (ATA) test is a laboratory test that measures the levels of antibodies against thyroglobulin in the blood. Thyroglobulin is a protein produced by the thyroid gland, and the presence of antibodies against it indicates an autoimmune response targeting the thyroid.

Measuring ATA levels helps in confirming the presence of these autoimmune conditions and differentiating them from other causes of thyroid dysfunction. It is also useful in assessing the severity of the disease, monitoring treatment effectiveness, and predicting the risk of recurrence or relapse.

Free T3 (triiodothyronine)
The Free T3 test is a blood test that measures the levels of a hormone called triiodothyronine in your body. Triiodothyronine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland, which is located in your neck. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and body temperature.

The Free T3 test is often helps determine if you have an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism).

If your Free T3 levels are too high, it may indicate that your thyroid gland is producing too much hormone, leading to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. On the other hand, if your Free T3 levels are too low, it may suggest that your thyroid gland is not producing enough hormone, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold all the time.

By measuring your Free T3 levels, doctors can diagnose thyroid disorders and develop a treatment plan to help restore the balance of hormones in your body.

Free T4 (thyroxine)
The Free T4 test is a blood test that measures the level of a hormone called thyroxine in your body. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and growth. This test specifically measures the amount of thyroxine that is not bound to proteins in your blood, which is known as "free" thyroxine.

The Free T4 test is commonly used to check for thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid. If your thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating. It can also affect fertility.

By measuring the level of free thyroxine in your blood, you can determine if your thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone.

This test is important because thyroid problems are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide.

By diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders, you can help improve your overall health and well-being. 

Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) are produced by the immune system as a defence mechanism to protect the thyroid against foreign invaders. An autoimmune condition will increase the amount of anti-TPO in the body, attacking healthy thyroid cells. Anti-TPO tests are used to diagnose thyroid disorders and are an indicator for autoimmune conditions, such as Hashimoto’s.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormon
The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test measures the level of TSH in your body. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps regulate the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling your metabolism.

This test is used to diagnose thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair loss, and changes in mood or energy levels.

If your TSH levels are too high or too low, it can indicate a problem with your thyroid gland.

Cost: £59

This test is used to test your blood for levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and, where needed, thyroxine and triiodothyronine (thyroid hormones).

If you have low or high levels of these hormones, it could mean you have a thyroid condition like an underactive thyroid or overactive thyroid.

Cost: £59

Investigate why you may be feeling tired all the time by testing markers for anaemia, vitamin D, thyroid function, iron status, B vitamins, and diabetes.

Are you feeling tired all the time or experiencing fatigue?

Get your energy back by investigating common causes of low energy with our advanced Tiredness and Fatigue Blood Test.

IRON STUDIES (5 health indicators)

Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron, which is an essential mineral for our body's functioning. This test helps determine if you have too much or too little iron in your body.

If your ferritin levels are too high, it may indicate that you have an excess of iron, which can lead to various health problems. On the other hand, if your ferritin levels are too low, it may suggest that you have an iron deficiency, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

By measuring your ferritin levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron levels, such as iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis) or iron deficiency anaemia. It can also help identify the underlying cause of these conditions, such as certain diseases or dietary issues.

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity
The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be carried by proteins in your blood. It helps to determine how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body.

The TIBC test is often ordered to evaluate iron levels and diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when there is not enough iron in your body to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells. On the other hand, iron overload can happen when there is too much iron in your body, which can lead to organ damage.

By measuring the TIBC, you can assess your body's ability to bind and transport iron. This information helps determine if you have enough iron in your body or if there is an imbalance that needs to be addressed.

The results of the TIBC test, along with other blood tests, can guide in diagnosing and treating iron-related conditions.

Transferrin Saturation
The Transferrin Saturation test measures the amount of iron in your blood and how well it is being transported to your organs and tissues. This test is used to diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or hemochromatosis, which are related to the levels of iron in your body.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If your transferrin saturation levels are too low, it may indicate that you are not getting enough iron in your diet or that your body is not absorbing it properly. On the other hand, if your levels are too high, it could be a sign of iron overload, which can lead to organ damage.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity
The Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to a protein called transferrin. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron in the blood.

This test is used to evaluate how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body.

A low UIBC level may indicate that your body is not able to bind enough iron to transferrin, which could be a sign of iron deficiency. On the other hand, a high UIBC level may suggest that your body has excess transferrin available to bind with iron, which could be a sign of iron overload or certain medical conditions.

THYROID (2 Biomarkers)

Free T4 (thyroxine)
The Free T4 test is a blood test that measures the level of a hormone called thyroxine in your body. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and growth. This test specifically measures the amount of thyroxine that is not bound to proteins in your blood, which is known as "free" thyroxine.

The Free T4 test is commonly used to check for thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid. If your thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating. It can also affect fertility.

By measuring the level of free thyroxine in your blood, you can determine if your thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone.

This test is important because thyroid problems are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide.

By diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders, you can help improve your overall health and well-being. 

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test measures the level of TSH in your body. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps regulate the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling your metabolism.

This test is used to diagnose thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair loss, and changes in mood or energy levels.

If your TSH levels are too high or too low, it can indicate a problem with your thyroid gland.

FULL BLOOD COUNT (10 health indicators)

• Haematocrit
• Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
• Mean Platelet Volume
• Platelet Count
• Red Cell Count
• Red Cell Distribution Width
• White Cell Count

Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps your body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.

This test is important because vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fractures. It can also affect your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. 

Vitamin D comes from two sources: it can be ingested from foods and supplements or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption,n like Crohn’s disease.

Cost: £129

A blood test to measure your levels of essential vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, E and beta carotene.

Checks your vitamin B, C or D levels. We offer individual tests and we can test vitamin levels as part of wider tests too.

Cost: £129

Vitamin D is vital for strong bones, a healthy immune system, and regulating mood.

Vitamin D is essential for your health and wellbeing. It helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body which are needed to keep bones, teeth and muscles healthy.

Understanding your Vitamin D levels is very important for anyone living in the UK. Up to a quarter of the population is low in Vitamin D at the end of winter. Low levels can cause a long list of health problems including fatigue, bone & muscle pain, depression and more.

Cost: £59

Vitamins are a group of substances that our bodies need for normal cell function, growth, and development. Vitamin deficiencies can be the cause of a wide range of common symptoms and conditions.  

VITAMINS (3 Biomarkers)

Folate
The test measures the level of folate, also known as vitamin B9, in the blood serum. Folate is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and cell division.

 Someone may have this test done for several reasons:

• To diagnose folate deficiency: Low levels of folate in the blood can indicate a deficiency, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating.

• To monitor folate levels during pregnancy: Adequate folate levels are crucial during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing foetus. This test helps ensure that the pregnant individual has sufficient folate levels.

• To assess the effectiveness of folate supplementation: Individuals who are taking folate supplements or undergoing treatment for folate deficiency may have this test to monitor the response to treatment and adjust the dosage if needed.

• To investigate certain medical conditions: Folate levels can be affected by certain medical conditions like malabsorption disorders, liver disease, alcoholism, and certain medications. This test can help identify the underlying cause of abnormal folate levels in such cases.

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is a vitamin that is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, tissue and cellular repairs, and nerve health. 

It is primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, milk, and eggs, so it is particularly relevant to anyone on a plant-based diet.

This test measures the total amount of vitamin B12 in the blood. It may contribute to the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anaemia, malabsorption disorders, and certain gastrointestinal conditions. 

In males and females, low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to anaemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological symptoms. 

In females, low levels of vitamin B12 can also lead to complications during pregnancy.

Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps your body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.

This test is important because vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of fractures. It can also affect your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. 

Vitamin D comes from two sources: it can be ingested from foods and supplements or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption, like Crohn’s disease. 

Cost: £129

MUSCLE & BONE (3 Biomarkers)

Adjusted Calcium
The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weak and brittle bones.

Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones and teeth, as well as helping your muscles and nerves function properly. 

High calcium levels may suggest conditions like hyperparathyroidism, certain types of cancer, or kidney problems. On the other hand, low calcium levels can be a sign of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or malabsorption issues.

By measuring your calcium levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to calcium metabolism. It can also help determine the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions. If your calcium levels are abnormal, further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Creatine Kinase
Creatine Kinase (CK) is a test that measures the levels of an enzyme called creatine kinase in your blood. This enzyme is found in various tissues of your body, especially in your muscles and heart. The CK test is commonly used to assess muscle damage or injury.

When your muscles are injured or damaged, such as during a heart attack or strenuous exercise, CK is released into your bloodstream. Measuring the levels of CK can determine the extent of muscle damage and monitor your recovery.

The CK test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions like heart attacks, muscle disorders, and certain types of muscular dystrophy. It can also help identify if muscle pain or weakness is due to overexertion or a more serious underlying condition.

 LIVER FUNCTION (8 health indicators)

• Alanine Transaminase
• Albumin
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• Aspartate Aminotransferase
• Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
• Globulin
• Total Bilirubin
• Total Protein

CHOLESTEROL (6 health indicators)

• Cholesterol - Total
• HDL percentage
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
• Low Density Lipoprotein
• Total Cholesterol : HDL Ratio
• Triglyceride

KIDNEY FUNCTION (3 health indicators)

Creatinine
Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine color. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?

eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

• Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.

• Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.

• Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.

• Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?
The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.

• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.

• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.

• Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.

• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

Urea
Urea is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down proteins. This test is commonly used to check how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they filter out urea and other waste products from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, urea can build up in your blood.

By measuring the level of urea in your blood, you can get an idea of how well your kidneys are working.

This test can help diagnose kidney problems, such as kidney disease or damage. It can also be used to monitor the progress of kidney disease and determine the effectiveness of treatment.

IRON STUDIES (5 health indicators)

Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron, which is an essential mineral for our body's functioning. This test helps determine if you have too much or too little iron in your body.

If your ferritin levels are too high, it may indicate that you have an excess of iron, which can lead to various health problems. On the other hand, if your ferritin levels are too low, it may suggest that you have an iron deficiency, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

By measuring your ferritin levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron levels, such as iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis) or iron deficiency anaemia. It can also help identify the underlying cause of these conditions, such as certain diseases or dietary issues.

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity
The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be carried by proteins in your blood. It helps to determine how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body.

The TIBC test is often ordered to evaluate iron levels and diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when there is not enough iron in your body to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells. On the other hand, iron overload can happen when there is too much iron in your body, which can lead to organ damage.

By measuring the TIBC, you can assess your body's ability to bind and transport iron. This information helps determine if you have enough iron in your body or if there is an imbalance that needs to be addressed.

The results of the TIBC test, along with other blood tests, can guide in diagnosing and treating iron-related conditions.

Transferrin Saturation
The Transferrin Saturation test measures the amount of iron in your blood and how well it is being transported to your organs and tissues. This test is used to diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or hemochromatosis, which are related to the levels of iron in your body.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If your transferrin saturation levels are too low, it may indicate that you are not getting enough iron in your diet or that your body is not absorbing it properly. On the other hand, if your levels are too high, it could be a sign of iron overload, which can lead to organ damage.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity
The Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to a protein called transferrin. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron in the blood.

This test is used to evaluate how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body.

A low UIBC level may indicate that your body is not able to bind enough iron to transferrin, which could be a sign of iron deficiency. On the other hand, a high UIBC level may suggest that your body has excess transferrin available to bind with iron, which could be a sign of iron overload or certain medical conditions.

THYROID (2 Biomarkers)

Free T4 (thyroxine)
The Free T4 test is a blood test that measures the level of a hormone called thyroxine in your body. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and growth. This test specifically measures the amount of thyroxine that is not bound to proteins in your blood, which is known as "free" thyroxine.

The Free T4 test is commonly used to check for thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid. If your thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating. It can also affect fertility.

By measuring the level of free thyroxine in your blood, you can determine if your thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone.

This test is important because thyroid problems are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide.

By diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders, you can help improve your overall health and well-being. 

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test measures the level of TSH in your body. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps regulate the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling your metabolism.

This test is used to diagnose thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair loss, and changes in mood or energy levels.

If your TSH levels are too high or too low, it can indicate a problem with your thyroid gland.

FULL BLOOD COUNT (10 health indicators)

• Haematocrit
• Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
• Mean Platelet Volume
• Platelet Count
• Red Cell Count
• Red Cell Distribution Width
• White Cell Count

DIABETES (1 health indicator)

HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin)
The HbA1c test is a blood test that measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past 2-3 months.

It is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes, a condition where your body has trouble regulating blood sugar levels.

The test is important because high blood sugar levels can damage your organs over time, leading to serious health problems

If your HbA1c level is high, then it confirms that you have diabetes mellitus. It is very useful for screening people in general to see if they have Type 2 diabetes, as it is often difficult to diagnose this type of diabetes from symptoms alone.

Checking HbA1c levels regularly if you already know you have diabetes is essential too, as it is the best way to check if you are managing your blood sugar levels effectively and therefore reducing the chances of the serious medical complications that can occur if high blood sugar levels are not controlled.

By measuring your HbA1c levels, your doctor can adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

It is recommended that people with diabetes get this test done at least twice a year to ensure their blood sugar levels are within a healthy range.

GOUT (1 Biomarker)

Urate (Uric acid)
The Urate (Uric acid) test is a simple blood test that measures the level of uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down certain foods, especially those high in purines. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions like gout, a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Gout occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and inflammation. By measuring the uric acid levels, this test helps doctors determine if you have gout or if you are at risk of developing it. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for gout or other conditions that affect uric acid levels, such as kidney disease or certain medications.

If your uric acid levels are too high, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as reducing your intake of purine-rich foods and increasing your fluid intake. They may also prescribe medications to help lower your uric acid levels and prevent gout attacks. 

Cost: £129

MUSCLE & BONE (3 Biomarkers)

Adjusted Calcium
The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weak and brittle bones.

Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones and teeth, as well as helping your muscles and nerves function properly. 

High calcium levels may suggest conditions like hyperparathyroidism, certain types of cancer, or kidney problems. On the other hand, low calcium levels can be a sign of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or malabsorption issues.

By measuring your calcium levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to calcium metabolism. It can also help determine the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions. If your calcium levels are abnormal, further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Creatine Kinase
Creatine Kinase (CK) is a test that measures the levels of an enzyme called creatine kinase in your blood. This enzyme is found in various tissues of your body, especially in your muscles and heart. The CK test is commonly used to assess muscle damage or injury.

When your muscles are injured or damaged, such as during a heart attack or strenuous exercise, CK is released into your bloodstream. Measuring the levels of CK can determine the extent of muscle damage and monitor your recovery.

The CK test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions like heart attacks, muscle disorders, and certain types of muscular dystrophy. It can also help identify if muscle pain or weakness is due to overexertion or a more serious underlying condition.

LIVER FUNCTION (8 health indicators)
• Alanine Transaminase
• Albumin
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• Aspartate Aminotransferase
• Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
• Globulin
• Total Bilirubin
• Total Protein

CHOLESTEROL (6 health indicators)
• Cholesterol - Total
• HDL percentage
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
• Low-Density Lipoprotein
• Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio
• Triglyceride

KIDNEY FUNCTION (3 health indicators)

Creatinine
Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine colour. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?
eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

• Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.

• Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.

• Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.

• Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?
The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.

• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.

• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.

8 Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.

• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

Urea
Urea is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down proteins. This test is commonly used to check how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they filter out urea and other waste products from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, urea can build up in your blood.

By measuring the level of urea in your blood, you can get an idea of how well your kidneys are working.

This test can help diagnose kidney problems, such as kidney disease or damage. It can also be used to monitor the progress of kidney disease and determine the effectiveness of treatment.

IRON STUDIES (5 health indicators)

Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron, which is an essential mineral for our body's functioning. This test helps determine if you have too much or too little iron in your body.

If your ferritin levels are too high, it may indicate that you have an excess of iron, which can lead to various health problems. On the other hand, if your ferritin levels are too low, it may suggest that you have an iron deficiency, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

By measuring your ferritin levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron levels, such as iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis) or iron deficiency anaemia. It can also help identify the underlying cause of these conditions, such as certain diseases or dietary issues.

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity
The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be carried by proteins in your blood. It helps to determine how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body.

The TIBC test is often ordered to evaluate iron levels and diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when there is not enough iron in your body to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells. On the other hand, iron overload can happen when there is too much iron in your body, which can lead to organ damage.

By measuring the TIBC, you can assess your body's ability to bind and transport iron. This information helps determine if you have enough iron in your body or if there is an imbalance that needs to be addressed.

The results of the TIBC test, along with other blood tests, can guide in diagnosing and treating iron-related conditions.

Transferrin Saturation
The Transferrin Saturation test measures the amount of iron in your blood and how well it is being transported to your organs and tissues. This test is used to diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or hemochromatosis, which are related to the levels of iron in your body.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If your transferrin saturation levels are too low, it may indicate that you are not getting enough iron in your diet or that your body is not absorbing it properly. On the other hand, if your levels are too high, it could be a sign of iron overload, which can lead to organ damage.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity
The Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to a protein called transferrin. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron in the blood.

This test is used to evaluate how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body.

A low UIBC level may indicate that your body is not able to bind enough iron to transferrin, which could be a sign of iron deficiency. On the other hand, a high UIBC level may suggest that your body has excess transferrin available to bind with iron, which could be a sign of iron overload or certain medical conditions.

VITAMINS (3 health indicators)

Folate
The test measures the level of folate, also known as vitamin B9, in the blood serum. Folate is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and cell division.

Someone may have this test done for several reasons:

• To diagnose folate deficiency: Low levels of folate in the blood can indicate a deficiency, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating.

• To monitor folate levels during pregnancy: Adequate folate levels are crucial during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. This test helps ensure that the pregnant individual has sufficient folate levels.

• To assess the effectiveness of folate supplementation: Individuals who are taking folate supplements or undergoing treatment for folate deficiency may have this test to monitor the response to treatment and adjust the dosage if needed.

• investigate certain medical conditions: Folate levels can be affected by certain medical conditions like malabsorption disorders, liver disease, alcoholism, and certain medications. This test can help identify the underlying cause of abnormal folate levels in such cases.

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is a vitamin which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, tissue and cellular repairs, and nerve health. 

It is primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, milk and eggs, so it is particularly relevant to anyone on a plant-based diet.

This test measures the total amount of vitamin B12 in the blood. It may contribute to the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anaemia, malabsorption disorders, and certain gastrointestinal conditions. 

In males and females, low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to anaemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological symptoms. 

In females, low levels of vitamin B12 can also lead to complications during pregnancy.

Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps your body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.

This test is important because vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of fractures. It can also affect your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. 

Vitamin D comes from two sources: it can be ingested from foods and supplements, or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption, like Crohn’s disease.

THYROID (2 Biomarkers)

Free T4 (thyroxine)
The Free T4 test is a blood test that measures the level of a hormone called thyroxine in your body. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and growth. This test specifically measures the amount of thyroxine that is not bound to proteins in your blood, which is known as "free" thyroxine.

The Free T4 test is commonly used to check for thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid. If your thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating. It can also affect fertility.

By measuring the level of free thyroxine in your blood, you can determine if your thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone.

This test is important because thyroid problems are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide.

By diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders, you can help improve your overall health and well-being. 

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone test measures the level of TSH in your body. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps regulate the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling your metabolism.

This test is used to diagnose thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair loss, and changes in mood or energy levels.

If your TSH levels are too high or too low, it can indicate a problem with your thyroid gland.

FULL BLOOD COUNT (10 health indicators)

• Haematocrit
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
• Mean Platelet Volume
• Platelet Count
• Red Cell Count
• Red Cell Distribution Width
• White Cell Count

INFLAMMATION (1 health indicator)

The C-Reactive Protein (High Sensitivity) test is a blood test that measures the level of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your body. CRP is produced by your liver in response to inflammation, which is your body's natural defence against infection or injury.

This test is used to detect and monitor inflammation in your body. It can help identify the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases (where your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells), or chronic conditions like arthritis.

A high sensitivity version of this test is more accurate and can detect even small amounts of CRP, which is important because even low levels of inflammation can be a sign of underlying health issues.

By measuring CRP levels, this test can help your doctor determine the severity of inflammation, track the progress of a disease, or evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. It can also be used to assess your risk of developing heart disease, as high levels of CRP have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk.

HORMONES (1 Biomarker)

Testosterone
Testosterone is an important sex hormone for both men and women. In men, it is made in the testicles. In women, it is made in small amounts in the ovaries.  

It is important for normal male sexual development. During puberty (in the teen years), testosterone helps boys develop male features like body and facial hair, a deeper voice, and muscle strength. Too much testosterone in men can cause shrinking of the testicles, impotence, an increased risk of heart attack and prostate enlargement with difficulty urinating. Too little can cause fatigue, irritability, depression, erectile dysfunction and reduced muscle mass. 

Combined with oestrogen, testosterone helps with the growth, maintenance, and repair of a woman's reproductive tissues and bone mass. Too much can cause acne, excess hair on the face and body, irregular periods and mood changes. Too little can cause low libido and weight gain. 

The optimal time to take a sample when testing for testosterone is between 7 am - 10 am

MINERALD (1 Biomarker)

Magnesium
The Magnesium (Serum) test is a blood test that measures the level of magnesium in your body. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in many bodily functions. It helps maintain normal nerve and muscle function, keeps your heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and helps build strong bones.

This test is usually ordered if you are experiencing symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, or numbness and tingling in your hands and feet. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of magnesium supplements or to check for any imbalances in your body's electrolytes.

The results will show whether your magnesium levels are within the normal range or if there is a deficiency or excess. Depending on the results, your healthcare provider may recommend dietary changes, supplements, or further tests to determine the underlying cause of any abnormalities.

GOUT (1 Biomarker)

Urate (Uric acid)
The Urate (Uric acid) test is a simple blood test that measures the level of uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down certain foods, especially those high in purines. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions like gout, a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Gout occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and inflammation. By measuring the uric acid levels, this test helps doctors determine if you have gout or if you are at risk of developing it. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for gout or other conditions that affect uric acid levels, such as kidney disease or certain medications.

If your uric acid levels are too high, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as reducing your intake of purine-rich foods and increasing your fluid intake. They may also prescribe medications to help lower your uric acid levels and prevent gout attacks. 

Cost: £169

MUSCLE & BONE (3 Biomarkers)

Adjusted Calcium
The adjusted calcium test is a blood test that measures the level of calcium in your body after taking into account the levels of albumin, a protein in your blood. This test is used to determine if your body has the right amount of calcium, which is important for healthy bones, muscles, and nerves.

Calcium plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, so having the right balance is important for overall health. If your calcium levels are too high or too low, it can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and bone pain.

The adjusted calcium test helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and certain types of cancer that can affect calcium levels. It can also help determine if a person is at risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition characterised by weak and brittle bones.

Calcium
Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in maintaining strong bones and teeth, as well as helping your muscles and nerves function properly. 

High calcium levels may suggest conditions like hyperparathyroidism, certain types of cancer, or kidney problems. On the other hand, low calcium levels can be a sign of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or malabsorption issues.

By measuring your calcium levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to calcium metabolism. It can also help determine the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions. If your calcium levels are abnormal, further tests may be needed to identify the underlying cause and guide appropriate treatment.

Creatine Kinase
Creatine Kinase (CK) is a test that measures the levels of an enzyme called creatine kinase in your blood. This enzyme is found in various tissues of your body, especially in your muscles and heart. The CK test is commonly used to assess muscle damage or injury.

When your muscles are injured or damaged, such as during a heart attack or strenuous exercise, CK is released into your bloodstream. Measuring the levels of CK can determine the extent of muscle damage and monitor your recovery.

The CK test is particularly useful in diagnosing conditions like heart attacks, muscle disorders, and certain types of muscular dystrophy. It can also help identify if muscle pain or weakness is due to overexertion or a more serious underlying condition.

LIVER FUNCTION (8 health indicators)
• Alanine Transaminase
• Albumin
• Alkaline Phosphatase
• Aspartate Aminotransferase
• Gamma Glutamyl Transferase
• Globulin
• Total Bilirubin
• Total Protein

CHOLESTEROL (6 health indicators)
• Cholesterol - Total
• HDL percentage
• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
• Low-Density Lipoprotein
• Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio
• Triglyceride

KIDNEY FUNCTION (3 health indicators)

Creatinine
Creatinine is a test that measures the level of a waste product called creatinine in your blood. Creatinine is produced by your muscles and is normally filtered out of your body by your kidneys. This test helps to evaluate how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they efficiently remove creatinine from your blood. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, the level of creatinine in your blood can increase. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney damage or disease.

This test is often ordered if you have symptoms of kidney problems, such as frequent urination, swelling in your legs or feet, or changes in urine colour. It is also used to monitor the progression of kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages for certain conditions.

estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
The eGFR test, or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate test, is a crucial laboratory measurement used to assess kidney function. It estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood and removing waste products. Here's a deeper look into what eGFR signifies and why it is so important:

What is eGFR?
eGFR is calculated from the blood level of creatinine along with other variables such as age, sex, and body size. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism and usually filtered out of the blood by the kidneys.

Why is the eGFR Test Used?

• Detecting Kidney Disease: eGFR is primarily used to screen for and monitor kidney disease. Healthy kidneys effectively filter blood, but damaged kidneys may not perform as well, leading to a lower eGFR.

• Monitoring Kidney Disease Progression: For patients already diagnosed with kidney disease, regular eGFR tests help monitor the disease's progression. Changes in eGFR over time can indicate whether the kidney function is stable, improving, or worsening.

• Guiding Treatment: Kidney function, as measured by eGFR, influences decisions about medication dosages and other treatments. Some drugs are eliminated from the body through the kidneys, and reduced kidney function can affect how drugs are dosed and administered.

• Evaluating Risk: A low eGFR indicates poor kidney function and can be associated with an increased risk of other complications like cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure.

How is eGFR Calculated?
The eGFR is typically calculated using the creatinine level along with formulas such as the MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) study equation or the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. These formulas adjust for factors like age, sex, race, and body size to provide a more accurate assessment of kidney function.

Interpretation of eGFR Results

• Normal Range: Generally, a normal eGFR value is above 90 mL/min/1.73m², indicating good kidney function.

• Mild to Moderate Decrease: An eGFR between 60 and 89 might suggest some kidney damage, particularly if other signs of kidney disease are present.

• Moderate to Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 60 may indicate chronic kidney disease.

8 Severe Decrease: An eGFR below 30 suggests more serious kidney disease, potentially nearing kidney failure.

• Kidney Failure: An eGFR less than 15 typically indicates kidney failure, necessitating dialysis or transplantation for continued survival.

Regular monitoring of eGFR is essential for patients with known risk factors for kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension.

Urea
Urea is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down proteins. This test is commonly used to check how well your kidneys are functioning.

When your kidneys are healthy, they filter out urea and other waste products from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. However, if your kidneys are not working properly, urea can build up in your blood.

By measuring the level of urea in your blood, you can get an idea of how well your kidneys are working.

This test can help diagnose kidney problems, such as kidney disease or damage. It can also be used to monitor the progress of kidney disease and determine the effectiveness of treatment.

IRON STUDIES (5 health indicators)

Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron, which is an essential mineral for our body's functioning. This test helps determine if you have too much or too little iron in your body.

If your ferritin levels are too high, it may indicate that you have an excess of iron, which can lead to various health problems. On the other hand, if your ferritin levels are too low, it may suggest that you have an iron deficiency, which can cause symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating.

By measuring your ferritin levels, this test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions related to iron levels, such as iron overload disorders (hemochromatosis) or iron deficiency anaemia. It can also help identify the underlying cause of these conditions, such as certain diseases or dietary issues.

Iron
Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body produce red blood cells and carry oxygen throughout your body. This test is commonly used to check for iron deficiency or iron overload.

If your iron levels are too low, it means you may not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called iron deficiency anaemia. Symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath.

On the other hand, if your iron levels are too high, it may indicate a condition called hemochromatosis, where your body absorbs too much iron from the food you eat. This can lead to organ damage over time.

By measuring your iron levels, this test helps diagnose and monitor these conditions. Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend dietary changes, iron supplements, or further testing to determine the underlying cause of your iron levels.

Total Iron-Binding Capacity
The Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be carried by proteins in your blood. It helps to determine how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that is needed for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout your body.

The TIBC test is often ordered to evaluate iron levels and diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. Iron deficiency anaemia occurs when there is not enough iron in your body to produce an adequate amount of healthy red blood cells. On the other hand, iron overload can happen when there is too much iron in your body, which can lead to organ damage.

By measuring the TIBC, you can assess your body's ability to bind and transport iron. This information helps determine if you have enough iron in your body or if there is an imbalance that needs to be addressed.

The results of the TIBC test, along with other blood tests, can guide in diagnosing and treating iron-related conditions.

Transferrin Saturation
The Transferrin Saturation test measures the amount of iron in your blood and how well it is being transported to your organs and tissues. This test is used to diagnose conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia or hemochromatosis, which are related to the levels of iron in your body.

Iron is an essential mineral that helps your body make red blood cells and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. If your transferrin saturation levels are too low, it may indicate that you are not getting enough iron in your diet or that your body is not absorbing it properly. On the other hand, if your levels are too high, it could be a sign of iron overload, which can lead to organ damage.

Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity
The Unsaturated Iron Binding Capacity (UIBC) test is a blood test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to a protein called transferrin. Transferrin is responsible for transporting iron in the blood.

This test is used to evaluate how well your body can transport and store iron. Iron is an essential mineral that helps in the production of red blood cells and carries oxygen throughout the body.

A low UIBC level may indicate that your body is not able to bind enough iron to transferrin, which could be a sign of iron deficiency. On the other hand, a high UIBC level may suggest that your body has excess transferrin available to bind with iron, which could be a sign of iron overload or certain medical conditions.

VITAMINS (3 health indicators)

Folate
The test measures the level of folate, also known as vitamin B9, in the blood serum. Folate is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production, and cell division.

Someone may have this test done for several reasons:

• To diagnose folate deficiency: Low levels of folate in the blood can indicate a deficiency, which can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating.

• To monitor folate levels during pregnancy: Adequate folate levels are crucial during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. This test helps ensure that the pregnant individual has sufficient folate levels.

• To assess the effectiveness of folate supplementation: Individuals who are taking folate supplements or undergoing treatment for folate deficiency may have this test to monitor the response to treatment and adjust the dosage if needed.

• investigate certain medical conditions: Folate levels can be affected by certain medical conditions like malabsorption disorders, liver disease, alcoholism, and certain medications. This test can help identify the underlying cause of abnormal folate levels in such cases.

Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is a vitamin which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells, tissue and cellular repairs, and nerve health. 

It is primarily found in animal products such as meat, fish, milk and eggs, so it is particularly relevant to anyone on a plant-based diet.

This test measures the total amount of vitamin B12 in the blood. It may contribute to the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anaemia, malabsorption disorders, and certain gastrointestinal conditions. 

In males and females, low levels of vitamin B12 can lead to anaemia, fatigue, weakness, and neurological symptoms. 

In females, low levels of vitamin B12 can also lead to complications during pregnancy.

Vitamin D (25-OH)
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps your body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones.

This test is important because vitamin D deficiency can lead to weak bones, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of fractures. It can also affect your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. 

Vitamin D comes from two sources: it can be ingested from foods and supplements, or be produced in the skin once it is exposed to sunlight.

Vitamin D tests are used to identify vitamin D deficiency and to monitor diseases that interfere with fat absorption, like Crohn’s disease.

THYROID (2 Biomarkers)

Free T4 (thyroxine)
The Free T4 test is a blood test that measures the level of a hormone called thyroxine in your body. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a crucial role in regulating your metabolism, energy levels, and growth. This test specifically measures the amount of thyroxine that is not bound to proteins in your blood, which is known as "free" thyroxine.

The Free T4 test is commonly used to check for thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid. If your thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and difficulty concentrating. It can also affect fertility.

By measuring the level of free thyroxine in your blood, you can determine if your thyroid is producing too much or too little hormone.

This test is important because thyroid problems are quite common, affecting millions of people worldwide.

By diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders, you can help improve your overall health and well-being. 

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone test measures the level of TSH in your body. TSH is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps regulate the thyroid gland, which is responsible for controlling your metabolism.

This test is used to diagnose thyroid problems, such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid).

Symptoms of thyroid problems can include fatigue, weight gain or loss, hair loss, and changes in mood or energy levels.

If your TSH levels are too high or too low, it can indicate a problem with your thyroid gland.

FULL BLOOD COUNT (10 health indicators)

• Haematocrit
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
• Mean Cell Haemoglobin
• Mean Cell Volume (MCV)
• Mean Platelet Volume
• Platelet Count
• Red Cell Count
• Red Cell Distribution Width
• White Cell Count

INFLAMMATION (1 health indicator)

The C-Reactive Protein (High Sensitivity) test is a blood test that measures the level of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your body. CRP is produced by your liver in response to inflammation, which is your body's natural defence against infection or injury.

This test is used to detect and monitor inflammation in your body. It can help identify the presence of infections, autoimmune diseases (where your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells), or chronic conditions like arthritis.

A high sensitivity version of this test is more accurate and can detect even small amounts of CRP, which is important because even low levels of inflammation can be a sign of underlying health issues.

By measuring CRP levels, this test can help your doctor determine the severity of inflammation, track the progress of a disease, or evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. It can also be used to assess your risk of developing heart disease, as high levels of CRP have been linked to increased cardiovascular risk.

HORMONES (3 Biomarkers)

Follicular Stimulating Hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a type of hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which plays a crucial role in the reproductive systems of both men and women.

In women, FSH is key to the menstrual cycle and fertility:

Ovarian Follicle Development: FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg at ovulation.

Estradiol Production: The developing follicles produce estradiol, an estrogen, which is crucial for the reproductive cycle.

Menstrual Cycle Regulation: FSH levels vary throughout the menstrual cycle and are highest just before ovulation.

In men, FSH is essential for the production and health of sperm:

Sperm Production: FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes, which are crucial for spermatogenesis (the production of sperm).

Testicular Health: It helps maintain the size and health of the testes.

FSH levels are used as an important diagnostic tool in assessing fertility and reproductive health. In women, abnormal FSH levels can indicate issues such as ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or menopause. In men, abnormal levels can indicate problems with the testes or with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which can affect sperm production and overall fertility.

Monitoring FSH levels can provide valuable information in the evaluation and treatment of infertility, as well as in understanding other reproductive health issues.

Luteinizing Hormone
Luteinising Hormone (LH) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. It plays a vital role in sexual development and functioning for both men and women.

In women, LH is essential for regulating the menstrual cycle. It triggers ovulation, the process where an egg is released from the ovary. This hormone's levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking just before ovulation. In men, LH stimulates the production of testosterone by the testes. Testosterone is crucial for sperm production and maintaining male reproductive health.

Testing for LH levels can be important for several reasons:

Assessing Fertility: In women, LH testing is often used to determine the timing of ovulation for those trying to conceive. For men, an LH test can help evaluate the function of the testes and testosterone production, which is important for understanding fertility issues.

Diagnosing Menstrual Irregularities: Abnormal LH levels can be a cause of irregular or absent menstrual cycles, which is an important diagnostic factor in conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or amenorrhea (absence of menstruation).

Evaluating Pituitary Function: Since LH is produced by the pituitary gland, abnormal levels can indicate issues with pituitary function. This might be relevant in the diagnosis of pituitary disorders.

Monitoring Hormone Replacement Therapy: LH levels can be checked to monitor the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy, particularly in the context of menopausal symptoms or hypogonadism in men.

Understanding Early or Delayed Puberty: In children, abnormal levels of LH can be a sign of either early (precocious) or delayed puberty, helping guide further investigation and management.

An LH test is a valuable tool in understanding reproductive health, diagnosing and managing disorders of the reproductive system, and monitoring treatments related to hormonal issues.

Psychological and Cognitive Effects: Testosterone, regulated by LH, can impact mood and cognitive function. Imbalances in LH and consequently in testosterone levels might contribute to mood disorders, changes in libido, and cognitive difficulties.

Metabolic Effects: Testosterone, influenced by LH levels, also plays a role in metabolism, body composition, and fat distribution. Imbalances can lead to metabolic issues, changes in body composition, and increased risk of obesity and related conditions.

Abnormally high or low levels of LH can indicate various health issues, including hypogonadism, pituitary gland disorders, or issues with the testes. Therefore, maintaining a balance in LH levels is important for overall health and well-being in men.

Oestradiol (E2)
Oestradiol is a form of oestrogen, which is a female sex hormone. It plays a crucial role in the development and functioning of female reproductive tissues, such as the breasts, ovaries, and uterus. Oestradiol is also important in regulating the menstrual cycle and reproductive system.

In addition to its role in the reproductive system, oestradiol has other significant functions. It helps maintain bone density, supports cardiovascular health, and influences mood and cognitive function. The hormone is produced primarily in the ovaries in premenopausal women and is also produced in smaller amounts by other tissues such as the adrenal glands, fat tissues, and the brain, both in women and in men.

Levels of oestradiol vary throughout a woman's life, being highest during the reproductive years and dropping significantly after menopause.

Testing oestradiol levels can be important for various reasons, such as evaluating fertility, understanding the causes of menstrual irregularities, assessing menopausal status, or monitoring hormone replacement therapy.

Low levels can lead to symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and osteoporosis, while unusually high levels may indicate conditions like ovarian tumours or estrogen dominance.

GOUT (1 Biomarker)

Urate (Uric acid)
The Urate (Uric acid) test is a simple blood test that measures the level of uric acid in your body. Uric acid is a waste product that is produced when your body breaks down certain foods, especially those high in purines. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions like gout, a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood.

Gout occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and inflammation. By measuring the uric acid levels, this test helps doctors determine if you have gout or if you are at risk of developing it. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for gout or other conditions that affect uric acid levels, such as kidney disease or certain medications.

If your uric acid levels are too high, your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, such as reducing your intake of purine-rich foods and increasing your fluid intake. They may also prescribe medications to help lower your uric acid levels and prevent gout attacks. 

Cost: £169

The body cannot make zinc, so you need to get it from the food you eat. It is mainly stored in the muscle and bone. Immune system: The body needs zinc to fight off infection. People who don't have enough zinc in their body may be at greater risk of infections. Children and older people are at greater risk. Wound healing: Zinc supports skin health.

Cost: £69